Fact Sheets: Material Safety Data Sheet

From: Subject: Fact Sheets: Material Safety Data Sheet Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2002 01:45:39 -0500 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_00A3_01C28C48.B31CD3A0"; type="text/html" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4133.2400 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_00A3_01C28C48.B31CD3A0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.twu.org/HealthSfty/HlthSfty.Fact5.html Fact Sheets: Material Safety Data Sheet


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					MSDS: How = To Read A=20 Material Safety Data Sheet=20 TWU members who work around chemicals frequently ask, "What is = this=20 stuff and what is it doing to me?" Most public employees are now = covered=20 by Right-to-Know laws which require employers to supply workers = with=20 information on the identity of the chemicals they are exposed to, = their=20 health effects and training on how to handle them safely. In = addition, all=20 containers of hazardous materials must carry a warning = label. The=20 details of these laws may differ from state to state, but they all = require=20 employees to have access to a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) = which=20 contains information on health hazards, chemical ingredients, = physical=20 characteristics, control measures, and special handling procedures = for all=20 hazardous substances in the work area. The laws say that MSDSs = must be=20 readily accessible to all employees. It is also illegal to have = any blanks=20 on the sheet. If no information exists, "no information " must be = written=20 in the space. Because federal law requires all chemical=20 manufactures and distributors to produce and distribute MSDSs, = public=20 employees who are not covered by a Right-to-Know law may still be = able to=20 obtain an MSDS from their employer or directly from the chemical=20 manufacture or distributor. The laws state that MSDSs must = contain=20 complete, accurate, and up-to-date information. Nevertheless, many = MSDSs=20 are inaccurate and incomplete. They may, however, still be very = useful if=20 you know how to read them and where to look for more information. = Many=20 states have agencies that will check the accuracy of MSDSs and the = TWU=20 Safety Department can also assist. MSDSs may differ = slightly in=20 organization, but they must all contain the same basic information = on=20 hazardous ingredients, health effects, legal and recommended = exposure=20 limits, physical properties, and control = methods. Section I --=20 Material Identification The name of the product and name, = address,=20 and emergency telephone number of the manufacturer must be=20 provided. Section II -- Hazardous Ingredients/Identity=20 Information Which Chemicals are = Covered? State laws=20 differ about which chemicals are required to be listed on an MSDS. = Those=20 states with laws similar to the Federal OSHA hazard communication = standard=20 require evaluation of all chemicals. All those found to be = hazardous are=20 covered by the law. Some states, however, require coverage of only = the=20 chemicals which have OSHA standards (about 500 chemicals). Other = laws=20 contain a list of thousands of chemicals that must be included, = while a=20 few require all ingredients to be listed, even those which are not = hazardous. Assume that all of the chemicals that you work with = should be=20 included unless the manufacturer or employer can prove=20 otherwise. The percentage concentration of each substance = in a=20 mixture may also be listed, but this is not required by most state = laws.=20 This is unfortunate, because it is useful to know what the other,=20 "non-toxic" chemicals in the mixture are. What are the = Names of=20 the Chemicals? Chemicals are often known by different=20 names: A trade name, such as "Safety Clean", is the brand = name the=20 manufacturer gives the product. It does not tell you, however, = what=20 chemicals are in the product, or whether the product is a = mixture of=20 chemicals or a single chemical. The same chemical may be used in = a=20 variety of products with different trade names. The trade name = usually=20 appears on the label and in Section I of the MSDS. A generic name describes a family or group of = chemicals. For=20 example, there are several different "isocyanates", and = thousands of=20 different "chlorinated hydrocarbons". Sometimes an MSDS will try = to get=20 away with just listing the generic names. However, the law says = that=20 chemical names must also be listed. The chemical or specific name is the one that = describes -the=20 specific chemical. An example is methyl chloroform, one of the = thousands=20 of "chlorinated hydrocarbons", or toluene disocyanate, a member = of the=20 "isocyanate" family. The chemical name is the easiest name to = use when=20 doing research on the health effects of chemicals and how to = protect=20 yourself.=20 The-CAS Number is a number given by the Chemical = Abstract=20 Service to each chemical. While different chemicals may have the = same=20 name, they will all have their own CAS number which can be used = to look=20 up information. The Chemical Abstract Service publishes a book = that=20 contains a list of all CAS Numbers and the chemicals they = represent.=20 The MSDS must list the chemical name of all hazardous = ingredients which=20 make up more than 1% of the mixture (or 0.1% for cancer-causing=20 substances). Listing only the trade name, only the CAS number or = only the=20 generic name is not acceptable. Trade Secrets The = manufacturer may be able to withhold ingredient information from = the MSDS=20 if any ingredients are trade secrets. Procedures for challenging a = manufacturer's trade secret claim are determined by different = state laws.=20 Under most Right-to-Know laws, the manufacturer must provide the = trade=20 secret identities to health care professionals and/or workers if = they have=20 a need to know the information, or in a medical emergency. Consult = your=20 state law for more details. Remember that even if certain = ingredients in=20 the product are labeled as trade secrets, the MSDS must contain = all of the=20 other required information. Exposure Limits The = MSDS must=20 also list the OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for each = hazardous=20 ingredient. It must also list Threshold Limit Values (TLVS) = recommended by=20 the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists and = may also=20 list workplace exposure limits recommended by the National = Institute for=20 Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). These are important = because ACGIH=20 and NIOSH often recommend exposure limits that are more up-to-date = and=20 protective than OSHA's. Section III -- Physical/Chemical = Characteristics Physical and chemical characteristics = include the=20 chemical's appearance and odor, along with physical properties = that=20 indicate how easily a chemical will evaporate and release = potentially=20 harmful vapors into the air. Boiling point: The boiling point of a substance is = the=20 temperature at which the liquid boils or becomes a gas. The = lower the=20 boiling point, the quicker it evaporates and the easier it is to = inhale.=20 Chemicals with boiling points below 100 C (or 212 F) require = special=20 caution.=20 Vapor pressure: A high vapor pressure indicates that = a liquid=20 will evaporate easily. Chemicals which evaporate quickly are = called=20 volatile. This means that air concentrations can build up = quickly, even=20 though the substance is in liquid form. Liquids with high vapor=20 pressures may be especially hazardous if you are working with = them in a=20 confined space or an enclosed area.=20 Vapor density: If the vapor density is less than one, = it will=20 tend to rise in air. If the vapor density is greater than one, = it will=20 fall in air and concentrate in the bottom of tanks or confined = spaces.=20 Appearance and odor: This information may help = identify a=20 substance that spills or leaks in your work area. However, many=20 chemicals are hazardous at levels lower than they can be = smelled. Also,=20 many chemicals, such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, cause = "olfactory=20 fatigue", which means that workers rapidly lose their ability to = smell=20 the substance.=20 Specific gravity: If the specific gravity is greater = than=20 one, the substance will sink in water; if less than one, it will = float=20 on top of water.=20 Evaporation rate: This is the rate at which a = substance=20 evaporates compared to either ether, which evaporates quickly, = or butyl=20 acetate, which evaporates slowly. If the substance has an = evaporation=20 rate greater than one, it evaporates faster than the comparison=20 substance. Section IV -- Fire and Explosion Hazard Data This = section=20 should provide information on the fire hazards of a product and = special=20 precautions necessary to extinguish a fire. Flash point: This is the lowest temperature at which = a liquid=20 gives off enough vapor to form a mixture with air that can be = ignited by=20 a spark. Liquids with flash points below 100 F are considered = flammable,=20 and liquids with flash points between 100 and 200 F are = considered to be=20 combustible. Flammable and combustible liquids require special = handling=20 and storage precautions.=20 Extinguishing media: This section should specify what = kind of=20 fire extinguisher to use. There are four classifications of = fires: Class=20 A for paper and wood, Class B for more flammable materials such = as=20 liquids or greases, Class C for electrical fires, and Class D = for fires=20 involving metals or metal alloys.=20 Special firefighting procedures and unusual fire and = explosion=20 hazards: For example, some chemicals (such as corrosives) = must not=20 be extinguished with water in case of fire. Section V -- Reactivity Data When stored improperly, = some=20 chemicals can react with other chemicals and release dangerous = materials.=20 This describes the reaction of chemicals when they are mixed = together with=20 other chemicals, or when stored or handled = improperly. Section=20 VI -- Health Hazard Data This section describes the health = effects=20 of the product, including signs and symptoms of exposure and = medical=20 conditions made worse by exposure. Acute (short-term) and chronic=20 (long-term) effects of exposure must always be included. MSDSs = often leave=20 out chronic health information, such as whether a chemical causes = cancer=20 or birth defects. Routes of entry (inhalation, skin = contact,=20 swallowing) and emergency and first aid procedures must also be = included.=20 Unfortunately, a lot of MSDSs in circulation do not contain = complete and=20 accurate health hazard information. This section must also = contain=20 information on target organs (liver, kidneys or central nervous = system),=20 signs or symptoms of exposure, medical conditions generally = aggravated by=20 exposure, and emergency First Aid procedures. Section = VII --=20 Precautions for Safe Handling and Use (Spill or Leak=20 Procedures) This section contains information on proper = equipment=20 to use and what precautions to follow if a spill or leak occurs. = It should=20 also describe safe waste disposal methods and precautions to be = taken in=20 handling and storing. Section Vlll -- Control=20 Measures The MSDS must list control measures that can = reduce or=20 eliminate the hazard, including ventilation and other engineering=20 controls, safe work practices, and personal protective=20 equipment. For respirators, information on the type of = respirator,=20 degree of protection and the appropriate filter cartridge (such as = acid=20 gases, dust or organic vapors) must be included. In addition, all = gloves=20 do not protect against all chemicals. The correct type of glove = should be=20 specified on the MSDS. CHECKING THE ACCURACY OF=20 MSDSs What can be done if you suspect that the MSDS that = you=20 received is not accurate or complete? Ask your Employer: If an MSDS is not accurate, your = employer=20 is responsible for obtaining an accurate, complete MSDS. Ask = your=20 employer to request a more accurate MSDS from the supplier or=20 manufacturer.=20 Contact the Manufacturer: The union can contact the=20 manufacturer and ask for a more accurate MSDS.=20 Call OSHA: Your state OSHA (if applicable) can check = MSDSs=20 and give you more accurate information. Federal OSHA can also = require a=20 manufacturer to redo an MSDS if the information is inaccurate or = incomplete.=20 Call NIOSH: The toll-free number for information = about=20 chemical identities, health effects or other information is = (800)=20 356-4674.=20 Contact your TWU Safety Representative: Your TWU = safety=20 representative may have information on the chemicals you use and = also=20 has access to the TWU International Occupational Safety & = Health=20 Department which can analyze MSDSs. [TO=20 TOP] [Back to=20 Fact Sheets list]

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