Introduction

The Basics

Operating the Union

Contract Administration

Organizing

Building Trades and
Other Organizations

Labor Law

Politics and Government

Useful Information

Education

References

Home

Specific Union Tactics

Economic Pressure

Classification of work stoppages:

	Economic
	ULP
	Sympathy strikes
	Lockouts
	Safety strikes
	Wildcat strikes
	National emergency disputes

Economic

	May have nothing to do with money
	Workers can be permanently replaced

ULP

	Workers cannot be permanently replaced
	Must be the result of serious ULP's
	Economic strikes can be converted to ULP strikes
	Anyone hired after conversion treated as temporary

At conclusion of a strike, if there is an unconditional offer to return to worker, employees will be reinstated unless:

	Permanently replaced
	Elimination of job
	Accepted permanent employment elsewhere
	Engaged in serious strike misconduct

Permanently replaced workers remain employees

	Will be reinstated based on availability of jobs (Laidlaw list)
	Retain seniority
	No unusual incentives (super seniority rights) to replacements

Decertification Election

	Strikers with future reinstatement rights can vote
	Permanent replacements can vote
	Permanently replaced workers having voting rights for one year

Sympathy Strikes

	Rights determined by strike classification of picket being honored
	Distinctions between primary (may be permanently replaced but not disciplined), secondary and stranger picketing (retaliatory discipline is ULP unless legitimate business justification, honoring picket of exempted workers like public fess is unprotected)

Lockouts

Replacements generally are temporary

Unprotected Strikes

	Goals are improper; illegal or permissive subjects of bargaining
	Tactics are improper such as sit downs, slowdowns, and other partial strict tactics (consider the work-to-rule distinction)
	Seeking recognition of union beyond 30 day limit (distinguished from area standards picketing)

Secondary pressure against neutrals 8(b)4 preserving "neutrality" in a dispute

Are there neutrals?

	Clear identification of employer
	Primary activity may have secondary effects
	Ally doctrine (must be special arrangements)

Remedies

	Injunctive relief (Boys Market decision) The Board required to seek such relief if there is illegal picketing (hot cargo, secondary agreements, organizational picketing)
	Monetary damages
	Criminal sanctions
	ULP's
	Disciplinary action